Batemo Cell Library
Lithplus L1865‑2.0

The Batemo Cell of the lithium-ion battery cell Lithplus L1865-2.0 is a high-precision, physical battery model with global validity. As a digital twin it seamlessly integrates into your research, development and battery analytics by basing your decisions on simulations.

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Cell Ori­gin pur­chased on free market
Cell For­mat 18650
Dimen­sions 18.2 x 64.8 mm
Weight 41.9 g
Capac­i­ty
[def­i­n­i­tion]
The nom­i­nal capac­i­ty orig­i­nates from the man­u­fac­tur­er’s data sheet, if avail­able. When the data sheet is unavail­able, the nom­i­nal capac­i­ty is esti­mat­ed. Bate­mo mea­sured the C/10 capac­i­ty by dis­charg­ing the cell at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C from 100% with a con­stant cur­rent of 0.20A (0.1C) until reach­ing the volt­age of 2.5V. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free convection.
 nom­i­nal 2.00 Ah
C/10 2.23 Ah
Cur­rent
[def­i­n­i­tion]
All quan­ti­ties are mea­sure­ment results of the Bate­mo bat­tery lab­o­ra­to­ry. The con­tin­u­ous cur­rent is the high­est cur­rent that com­plete­ly dis­charges the cell with­out over-heat­ing it. There­fore, the cell is dis­charged from 100% state of charge at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C with a con­stant cur­rent until reach­ing a resid­ual state of charge of 10% and either the volt­age of 2.5V or 90% of the max­i­mum sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 72°C. The peak cur­rent is the cur­rent the cell can deliv­er for 5 min­utes. Con­se­quent­ly, the cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C with a con­stant cur­rent until reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C after 5 min­utes. For cells which reach the tem­per­a­ture of 80°C, the mea­sured pow­er is direct­ly tak­en as peak pow­er. For cells which reach the volt­age of 2.5V after 5 min­utes, the mea­sured pow­er is mul­ti­plied by a cor­rec­tion fac­tor, that esti­mates the pow­er which would have heat­ed up the cell to 80°C with­in 5 min­utes. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. These oper­a­tional con­di­tions might be out­side the spec­i­fi­ca­tion of the cell manufacturer.
 con­tin­u­ous 15.4 A
peak 22.1 A
Ener­gy
[def­i­n­i­tion]
Bate­mo mea­sured the C/10 ener­gy by dis­charg­ing the cell at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C from 100% with a con­stant cur­rent of 0.20A (0.1C) until reach­ing the volt­age of 2.5V. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free convection.
 C/10 8.26 Wh
Pow­er
[def­i­n­i­tion]
All quan­ti­ties are mea­sure­ment results of the Bate­mo bat­tery lab­o­ra­to­ry. The con­tin­u­ous pow­er is the high­est pow­er that com­plete­ly dis­charges the cell with­out over-heat­ing it. There­fore, the cell is dis­charged from 100% state of charge at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C with a con­stant cur­rent until reach­ing a resid­ual state of charge of 10% and either the volt­age of 2.5V or 90% of the max­i­mum sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 72°C. The peak cur­rent is the pow­er the cell can deliv­er for 5 min­utes. Con­se­quent­ly, the cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC at an ambi­ent tem­per­a­ture of 25°C with a con­stant pow­er until reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C after 5 min­utes. For cells which reach the tem­per­a­ture of 80°C, the mea­sured pow­er is direct­ly tak­en as peak pow­er. For cells which reach the volt­age of 2.5V after 5 min­utes, the mea­sured pow­er is mul­ti­plied by a cor­rec­tion fac­tor, that esti­mates the pow­er which would have heat­ed up the cell to 80°C with­in 5 min­utes. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. These oper­a­tional con­di­tions might be out­side the spec­i­fi­ca­tion of the cell manufacturer.
 con­tin­u­ous 52.1 W
peak 73.7 W
Ener­gy Density
[def­i­n­i­tion]
The ener­gy den­si­ties result from the C/10 ener­gy, the cell weight and the cell volume.
 gravi­met­ric 197 Wh/kg
vol­u­met­ric 489 Wh/l
Pow­er Density
[def­i­n­i­tion]
The pow­er den­si­ties result from the peak pow­er, the cell weight and the cell volume.
 gravi­met­ric 1.76 kW/kg
vol­u­met­ric 4.36 kW/l

Batemo Cell

The Bate­mo Cell of the lithi­um-ion bat­tery cell Lith­plus L1865‑2.0 is a high-pre­ci­sion, phys­i­cal cell mod­el with glob­al valid­i­ty. As a dig­i­tal twin it seam­less­ly inte­grates into your research, devel­op­ment and bat­tery ana­lyt­ics by bas­ing your deci­sions on sim­u­la­tions. See the details to learn more about the fea­tures and capa­bil­i­ties of the Bate­mo Cell. Bate­mo demon­strates the accu­ra­cy and valid­i­ty of the Bate­mo cell by com­par­ing bat­tery sim­u­la­tion and mea­sure­ment data in the range giv­en below. Val­i­da­tion is exten­sive, exper­i­men­tal char­ac­ter­i­za­tion cov­ers the total oper­a­tional area of the cell: At low and high tem­per­a­tures, up to the max­i­mal cur­rent and in the whole state of charge range.

State of Charge Range 0 … 100%
Cur­rent Range
[def­i­n­i­tion]

The cur­rent range are the elec­tri­cal cur­rent lim­its as used in the Bate­mo bat­tery lab­o­ra­to­ry. Please see the Lith­plus L1865‑2.0 data sheet for the pre­cise def­i­n­i­tion of the cur­rent safe area of oper­a­tion of the cell.
 -80 A dis­charge … 8 A charge (-40.0C … 4.0C)
Volt­age Range
[def­i­n­i­tion]

The volt­age range are the elec­tri­cal volt­age lim­its as used in the Bate­mo bat­tery lab­o­ra­to­ry. Please see the Lith­plus L1865‑2.0 data sheet for the pre­cise def­i­n­i­tion of the volt­age safe area of oper­a­tion of the cell.
 2.5 … 4.3 V
Tem­per­a­ture Range
[def­i­n­i­tion]

The tem­per­a­ture range are the ther­mal lim­its as used in the Bate­mo bat­tery lab­o­ra­to­ry. Please see the Lith­plus L1865‑2.0 data sheet for the pre­cise def­i­n­i­tion of the tem­per­a­ture safe area of oper­a­tion of the cell.
 -20 … 80 °C

More­over, the Bate­mo Cell val­i­da­tion will be ful­ly trans­par­ent. The Bate­mo Cell Data con­tains the raw mea­sure­ment and sim­u­la­tion data. For all exper­i­ments the volt­age, tem­per­a­ture, pow­er and ener­gy accu­ra­cies are cal­cu­lat­ed. This allows straight-for­ward eval­u­a­tion and analy­sis of the Bate­mo Cell valid­i­ty. The graphs show a selec­tion of char­ac­ter­is­tic data of the cell Lith­plus L1865‑2.0 to eval­u­ate the cell per­for­mance. The pre­dic­tion of the Bate­mo Cell is includ­ed as soon as the Bate­mo Cell is finished.

Discharge Characteristics

Lithplus_L186520_const

  • Dis­charge Char­ac­ter­is­tics: The elec­tri­cal and ther­mal dis­charge behav­ior is strong­ly nonlinear.
  • Pulse Char­ac­ter­is­tics: The shape of dif­fer­ent cur­rent puls­es changes strongly.
  • Ener­gy Char­ac­ter­is­tics: The graph visu­al­izes how much ener­gy the cell can deliv­er when oper­at­ed at dif­fer­ent powers.
  • Pow­er Char­ac­ter­is­tics: The more pow­er the cell sup­plies, the short­er it can deliv­er the power.
  • Ther­mal Char­ac­ter­is­tics: The ther­mal loss­es heat up the cell the more, the high­er the deplet­ed pow­er is.

Pulse Characteristics

Lithplus_L186520_pulse

[show exper­i­ment def­i­n­i­tions]

Dis­charge Char­ac­ter­is­tics
The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC with dif­fer­ent con­stant cur­rents at dif­fer­ent ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C.
Pulse Char­ac­ter­is­tics
The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC with cur­rent puls­es fol­lowed by no-load phas­es at dif­fer­ent ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows a zoomed view of the mea­sure­ment to visu­al­ize one of the pulses.
Ener­gy Char­ac­ter­is­tics
The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC with dif­fer­ent con­stant cur­rents at 25°C. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows the derived exchanged ener­gy and aver­age pow­er of the experiment.
Pow­er Char­ac­ter­is­tics
The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC with dif­fer­ent con­stant cur­rents at 25°C. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows the derived exper­i­ment dura­tion and aver­age pow­er of the experiment.
Ther­mal Char­ac­ter­is­tics
The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC with dif­fer­ent con­stant cur­rents at 25°C. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows the cell sur­face tem­per­a­ture at the end and the derived aver­age pow­er of the experiment.

Energy Characteristics

How much ener­gy can it deliver?

Lithplus_L186520_energy

Power Characteristics

How long can it deliv­er the power?

Lithplus_L186520_power

Thermal Characteristics

How hot does it get?

Lithplus_L186520_thermal

The mean accu­ra­cies and sup­port­ed sim­u­la­tion tools are pub­lished as soon as the Bate­mo Cell is finished.

Batemo Cell Data

Bate­mo offers an exten­sive, exper­i­men­tal char­ac­ter­i­za­tion of the lithi­um-ion bat­tery cell Lith­plus L1865‑2.0. The data con­tains mea­sure­ment results in the total oper­a­tional area of the cell. The descrip­tions and graphs below explain and show the avail­able mea­sure­ments. The Bate­mo Cell View­er allows easy and fast analy­sis, eval­u­a­tion and com­par­i­son of the data. See the details to learn more.

Constant Currents

The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC or charged from 0% SOC with dif­fer­ent con­stant cur­rents at dif­fer­ent ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or 4.3V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows for which ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures and charg­ing and dis­charg­ing con­stant cur­rents mea­sure­ments are available.

Pulse Currents

The cell is dis­charged from 100% SOC or charged from 0% SOC with cur­rent puls­es fol­lowed by no-load phas­es at dif­fer­ent ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or 4.3V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The graph shows for which ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures and pulse cur­rents mea­sure­ments are available.

Power Profiles

The cell deliv­ers a typ­i­cal pow­er pro­file from 100% SOC at dif­fer­ent ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures. The ther­mal bound­ary con­di­tion is free con­vec­tion. The mea­sure­ment stops when reach­ing either the volt­age of 2.5V or the sur­face tem­per­a­ture of 80°C. The table sum­ma­rizes for which ambi­ent tem­per­a­tures the pro­file is available.

Lithplus_L186520_validation_const
Lithplus_L186520_validation_pulse
Ambi­ent Temperature Avail­able
-20 °C profile_check
0 °C profile_check
25 °C profile_check
40 °C profile_check